HEL1OS obtains its initial high-energy X-ray sight of solar flares on October 29, 2023, during its first observation period from approximately 12:00 to 22:00 UT. The High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS) on Aditya-L1 has recorded that solar flares move quickly. Isro stated in a statement that the recorded data is consistent with the X-ray light profiles supplied by NOAA’s GOES.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States improves knowledge of the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and inland waters, as well as describes and forecasts changes that may occur to them, through an integrated program of research, technology development, and services.

The GOES-R Series, which comprises Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), is widely regarded as the pinnacle of technological advancements in this field. These satellites provide enhanced monitoring capabilities for solar and space weather, real-time mapping of lightning activity, and advanced imagery and atmospheric measurements of the Western Hemisphere.

“HEL1OS, which was commissioned on October 27, is presently undergoing calibration and threshold fine-tuning operations,” according to an ISRAO statement. The instrument is designed to perform high-resolution spectra and precise scheduling in order to observe the Sun’s high-energy X-ray activity. Using HEL1OS data, researchers can look at how explosive energy is released and how electrons speed up during the impulsive phases of solar flares.

The Indian space agency launched the Aditya-L1 spacecraft from the Sriharikota spaceport on September 2; this was the nation’s inaugural mission to investigate the Sun. A succession of Earth-bound maneuvers were executed subsequent to the launch in order to guarantee that the craft accumulated sufficient momentum to commence its 125-day journey.

By guaranteeing uninterrupted observations of the Sun, the mission will enable Indian scientists to gain fresh insights into the core of our solar system. The designated trajectory for the spacecraft is a halo orbit revolving around L1, a celestial body situated approximately 1.5 million kilometers away from Earth. Undoubtedly, this location is a mere 1% of the distance between the Earth and the Sun.

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Following a sequence of maneuvers, the Aditya-L1 spacecraft will ultimately be positioned at Lagrange Point-1, or L1. From there, it will commence a minimum five-year investigation aimed at comprehending diverse facets of the Sun—the star in closest proximity to Earth.

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A solid communication infrastructure is essential for receiving data from the cargo in a timely manner. Here, the European Space Agency (ESA) performs a crucial role by providing deep space communication services. It assures not only the receipt of scientific data from a great distance, but also the location and status of the spacecraft.

“All three of our 35-meter deep space antennas in Australia, Spain, and Argentina are supporting the Aditya-L1 mission,” said Ramesh Chellathurai, ESA service manager. Along with this, the foreign space agency is also supplying additional support from its stations in French Guiana and UK.

ISRO and ESA will continue to collaborate for the duration of the Aditya-L1 mission, which will span two years of routine operations.

ESA is also responsible for validating a software developed by ISRO to ascertain the precise location of the spacecraft. The process known as orbit determination will be used to determine the position of the spacecraft.

How will the payload be injected into the Lagrangian point?

Lagrangian Point was named after its discoverer, the French mathematician Louis Lagrange; L1 is one of five such points located between the Earth and the Sun.

Aditiya-L1 will travel to one of the ‘unstable’ Lagrangian points over the course of 125 days by conducting transfer maneuvers.

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How long ISRO, ESA have been working together?

ISRO and ESA joined forces in 2022 and have been collaborating intensively to evaluate Aditya-L1 mission operations and software development.

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